Key Features of the Subclass 491 Visa

The Subclass 491 Visa allows holders to reside in designated regional areas of Australia for up to five years. After three years of fulfilling certain criteria, visa holders may apply for permanent residency through the Subclass 191 visa.

Visa Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for the Subclass 491 Visa, applicants must meet the following criteria:

1. Nomination or Sponsorship:
   • Nominated by a State or Territory Government or
   • Sponsored by a family member who resides in a recognized regional area.

Recognized Regional Locations in Australia

The Subclass 491 Visa aims to encourage skilled migration to regional areas. Recognized locations include:

• Perth
• Adelaide
• Canberra
• Gold Coast
• Hobart

Note: Major cities like Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne do not fall under this category.

Points Allocation for Subclass 491 Visa

The Subclass 491 Visa employs a points-based system to evaluate applicants. Points are awarded based on various factors:

• 15 Points for nomination by a State or Territory government or sponsorship by a regional family member.
• 10 Points for having a skilled spouse or de facto partner.
• 10 Points for single applicants or applicants whose partners are Australian citizens or permanent residents.
• 5 Points if the partner demonstrates competent English and is not an Australian citizen or permanent resident.
• 10 Points for qualifications in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields.

The updated points system allows for increased opportunities to accumulate points in various categories, enhancing eligibility prospects.

Guidance on Obtaining an Invitation for the 491 Visa

To be invited to apply for the Subclass 491 Visa, candidates must typically meet specific criteria that may include:

• Partner’s Qualifications: Points awarded based on the skills and English proficiency of a partner.
• Individual Scores: The applicant’s overall score could be impacted depending on their partner’s situation.

Limitations on Visa Holders

Holders of the Subclass 491 Visa may face restrictions when applying for other visas under the General Skilled Migration scheme. Applicants must consider these limitations carefully when planning their migration pathway.

Your Pathway to Permanent Residency

The Subclass 491 Visa allows for a temporary stay and facilitates a route to permanent residency through the Subclass 191 Visa.

Eligibility for the Subclass 191 Visa:

To qualify:

• Stay, study, or work in a designated regional area for three years while holding the 491 Visa.
• Minimum income requirement: Maintain an annual income of $53,900 for three consecutive years.

What is the processing time for the 491 Visa?

The processing time for the Subclass 491 Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) Visa can vary depending on several factors, including the volume of applications received, the complexity of individual cases, and whether additional information or documentation is required. As of the latest updates, most applications are processed within approximately 8 to 12 months. However, some applications may take longer if they need further assessment or if there are delays in obtaining necessary documents. It’s important for applicants to ensure that their applications are complete and to respond promptly to any requests from the Department of Home Affairs to help facilitate a smoother processing experience. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it’s advisable to check the official Department of Home Affairs website or consult with a registered migration agent.

Can Family members join on this Visa

es, family members can join you on a Subclass 491 visa, which is a skilled work regional visa in Australia. When you apply for this visa, you can include immediate family members, such as your partner and dependent children. They must meet specific eligibility criteria, including being of good character and health. It’s essential to provide supporting documents to demonstrate your relationship and their dependency on you. Additionally, family members can work and study in Australia while holding this visa, making it a great option for skilled individuals looking to settle in regional areas with their loved ones. 

The Subclass 491 Visa provides a substantial opportunity for skilled workers seeking to contribute to Australia’s economy while enhancing their career prospects in a regional setting.

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Top Universities and Affordable Education

Malaysia is home to eight universities ranked among the top 500 in the 2025 QS World University Rankings. These institutions provide high-quality education across various disciplines, making them appealing to students worldwide.

One of the most significant advantages of studying in Malaysia is the affordability of tuition fees. On average, an undergraduate degree costs around US$6,000 annually, according to an ICEF Monitor report. This is substantially lower than tuition fees in Western countries, making it a financially viable option for many Indian families.

Low Cost of Living

In addition to affordable tuition, Malaysia offers a cost of living significantly lower than other leading study-abroad destinations. Living expenses in Malaysia are estimated to be two-thirds less expensive than in the United States and half as expensive as in Canada and Ireland. This affordability extends to accommodation, food, transportation, and leisure activities, allowing students to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without breaking the bank.

Growing Interest Among Indian Students

In recent years, Malaysia has seen a surge in applications from Indian students. In 2023, India emerged as one of Malaysia’s key source markets, ranking fifth among the top contributors to the international student population. Indian students submitted 1,900 applications, marking an impressive 18% increase compared to 2022. This trend highlights the growing appeal of Malaysia as a study-abroad destination for Indian students seeking quality education at a reasonable cost. According to recent data, there are approximately 4,030 Indian students currently studying in Malaysia in 2024, highlighting a growing interest in Malaysia as a study destination for Indian students.

Post-Study Work Opportunities: The Graduate Pass

One of the standout features of studying in Malaysia is the Graduate Pass program, which allows international students to gain work experience in the country after graduation. The Malaysian government has adopted a selective approach to post-study work policies, offering the Graduate Pass to students from 23 countries, including major nations like Australia, the US, the UK, Germany, and Japan.

In 2024, Indian and Chinese students were also granted access to the Graduate Pass under specific conditions. Initially set to expire at the end of 2024, this policy has now been extended until the end of 2026, further enhancing Malaysia’s attractiveness as a study destination.

The Graduate Pass has garnered significant interest, particularly from target markets. According to Times Higher Education, Malaysia’s share of global page views on the search platform StudyPortals has risen by about 25% this year, with notable increases from the US, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The Graduate Pass opportunity for Chinese students has also contributed to a sharp rise in applications from China in the past year.

Diverse Academic Programs and Growth in Postgraduate Studies

International students in Malaysia primarily pursue undergraduate degrees, but there has been a marked increase in interest at the master’s and postgraduate levels since 2019. By adopting innovative strategies, Malaysian institutions are overcoming traditional obstacles and redistributing academic influence. This shift has profound implications for global talent flows, research funding, and the distribution of academic influence for years to come.

Malaysia is undoubtedly becoming an attractive study-abroad destination for Indian students. With its top-ranked universities, affordable tuition fees, low cost of living, and promising post-study work opportunities, it offers a comprehensive package for those seeking quality education abroad. As the trend continues to grow, more Indian students are likely to consider Malaysia as their preferred choice for higher education, paving the way for a brighter future.

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Understanding the Non-SDS Visa Application Landscape

The non-SDS route has reported a concerning spike in refusal rates, nearing 100% during November and December 2024. Educational consultant Bhawana from CAAN World Consultants said, ” We are accepting new applications under non-SDS STREAM.” In non-SDS, processing times have also stretched to four to nine weeks, in contrast to the previously expedited 2-3 weeks typical of the SDS program. Historically, the non-SDS route had a success rate below 20% before the introduction of the SDS in 2018, which offered approval rates as high as 90-100%.

SDS vs. Non-SDS: What’s the Difference?

While offering faster processing, the SDS program required students to pay one year’s tuition fees upfront along with a Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC) of CAD 10,000. In contrast, the non-SDS route provides more flexibility. Applicants can now show proof of funds as low as ₹5–6 lakh for most colleges and only need to pay six months’ tuition upfront. While obtaining a GIC remains an option, it is not a requirement.

Moreover, the non-SDS route features more relaxed English proficiency criteria, allowing students with an overall IELTS score of 6.0 (and 5.5 in one module) to apply, thus making access to Canadian education easier for many.

However, the non-SDS route comes with heightened scrutiny: applicants must demonstrate financial stability, solid academic records, and strong ties to their home country. Immigration officials are particularly focused on applicants’ academic consistency and clear career goals, leading to a higher likelihood of refusals for those with average or below-average academic performance.

Strategies to Boost Visa Approval Odds

To improve the likelihood of a successful visa application under the non-SDS route, students should consider implementing these strategies:

1. Maintain Strong Academic Performance: A solid academic record can significantly strengthen an application and is often viewed favourably by immigration authorities.
2. Demonstrate Sufficient Financial Resources: While it’s not mandatory to pay one year’s tuition or secure a GIC, doing so can enhance an application. If this isn’t doable, ensure you have well-documented proof of funds to show your capacity to cover tuition and living expenses.
3. Select Relevant Programs: Enrolling in a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) with programs that align with recent approvals can positively influence application outcomes.
4. Craft a Persuasive Statement of Purpose (SOP): A compelling SOP is essential. It should thoughtfully convey the applicant’s career aspirations, motivation for studying in Canada, and how the chosen program aligns with future goals.

Wrapping Up

As students shift to the non-SDS route for Canadian student visas, understanding the requirements and preparing meticulously will be vital for success. Those looking to pursue an education in Canada should start their application processes early and pay careful attention to documentation to navigate this challenging environment effectively. By being proactive and strategic, students can enhance their chances of approval despite the current hurdles.

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Overview of Indian Students Abroad

According to data from the Indian government presented in the Rajya Sabha, over 1.33 million Indian students are pursuing higher studies abroad. The number has steadily increased from 1.32 million in 2023 to 1.34 million in 2024, reflecting a notable recovery from the pre-pandemic years. The most popular destinations for Indian students continue to be Canada, the US, Australia, and the UK, with significant numbers choosing to study in these English-speaking countries, regulated by study visa rules.

Country-Specific Study Visa Rules Changes

New Zealand: Easing Pathways for International Students

In November 2024, New Zealand announced a significant change to its Post Study Work (PSW) visa policy. International students who complete a 30-week postgraduate diploma and then transition to a Master’s degree will now be eligible for a PSW visa based on their diploma enrolment. This change allows for greater flexibility in course selection and enhances the ability of students to work following their studies under the updated study visa rules.

Germany: Increased Opportunities for Skilled Workers

Germany has made headlines with its announcement to increase the annual visa cap for skilled Indian workers from 20,000 to 90,000. This initiative aims to attract more Indian talent to the country, where approximately 49,000 Indian students are already enrolled. The move underscores Germany’s commitment to fostering a diverse academic community guided by study visa rules.

UK: Declining Numbers Amid Stricter Regulations

Despite being the largest group of students on the Graduate Route visa, Indian student numbers in the UK have fallen by 23%. This decline is attributed to stricter restrictions on dependents accompanying student visa holders. The UK government has also increased university tuition fees for the first time in eight years, raising concerns about potential budget deficits in higher education institutions and stricter study visa rules.

Australia: A Mixed Bag of Policies

Australia’s approach to international students has been complex this year. Initially proposing a cap on international student enrolments, the government later blocked this initiative. However, the new Ministerial Direction 111 (MD111) categorizes student visas into ‘high priority’ and ‘standard priority,’ affecting processing times under the country’s study visa rules. Additionally, students are now required to demonstrate higher proof of savings for visa applications and face increased English language requirements.

Canada: Stricter Measures Amid Diplomatic Tensions

Canada’s immigration policies have tightened significantly for Indian students. The termination of the Student Direct Stream (SDS) has shifted the application process for study permits, requiring prospective students to navigate standard procedures under the new study visa rules. Furthermore, new language requirements for post-study work visas have been implemented, adding to the challenges international students face.

USA: A Growing Indian Presence

For the first time since 2009, Indian students have surpassed Chinese students as the largest cohort in the US, comprising 29.4% of the international student population. With a notable increase in postgraduate enrolments, Indian students are diversifying their fields of study, with math and computer science becoming increasingly popular. However, concerns loom over potential changes to the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program under the upcoming Trump administration, affecting the study visa rules.

Shifting Preferences Among Indian Students

As countries compete to attract international talent, there has been a noticeable shift in Indian students’ preferences. New Zealand and Ireland are emerging as attractive alternatives, with 17% of international students in New Zealand being Indian and a 28% increase in Irish enrolments. This trend reflects a growing interest in diverse educational opportunities beyond traditional destinations and an adaptation to new study visa rules.

Navigating the Changing Landscape

While the study abroad domain has experienced significant changes in 2024, opportunities remain for high-Caliber students. As countries adapt their immigration policies, Indian students must stay informed and agile in their choices. The developing landscape presents challenges and opportunities, making it essential for prospective students to carefully consider their options and make informed decisions about their educational journeys, especially under the evolving study visa rules.

Resources: Indian Express December 27, 2024

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The martyrdom of the Chaar Sahibzaade, the four sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, represents a significant chapter in Sikh history. Each December, Sikhs worldwide honor their sacrifice, which epitomizes courage, selflessness, and unwavering faith against oppression. In this blog, we will explore the historical background of these events, their importance, and the lasting legacy they leave behind, supported by historical accounts and scholarly research.

Historical Context

The late 17th and early 18th centuries were a period marked by severe oppression and conflict in India, particularly under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, whose policies targeted religious minorities, including Sikhs. The tensions led to various conflicts, with Guru Gobind Singh Ji emerging as a pivotal figure advocating for justice and equality. According to historian Ganda Singh, in the history of the Sikhs, the Guru Sahib transformed the Sikh community into a robust martial society, emphasizing the importance of standing up against oppression and injustice.

On the night of December 20, 1704, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, accompanied by his family, including his four sons—Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh, and Fateh Singh—alongside Mata Gujri Ji and Mata Jeeto Ji, embarked on a journey from Anandpur Sahib towards Ropar, after a long siege by Mughal forces.

The Tragedy of Pariwar Vichhora

As the entourage made its way, Mughal troops launched a surprise attack on December 21, breaking their promises and agreements. This ambush occurred near the Sarsa River, approximately 25 kilometres from Anandpur Sahib, separating the Guru’s family and followers. This tragic moment is honored at Gurudwara Pariwar Vichhora Sahib.

In his work, Sikh History and Literature, historian Harjinder Singh Dilgeer recounts this painful episode, emphasizing its emotional weight for the Sikh community. The loss of family and fellowship during such a crucial moment set the stage for the subsequent heroic battles unfolding.

The Battle of Chamkaur Sahib

After the disbandment, Guru Gobind Singh Ji led his two elder sons and a small group of devoted Sikhs to Chamkaur Sahib. On December 22, 1704, the Battle of Chamkaur Sahib commenced. This battle became a defining moment of valour; Ajit Singh, aged 18, and Jujhar Singh, aged 14, courageously fought against an overwhelming Mughal force estimated at 100,000 soldiers.

Historian Khushwant Singh in A History of the Sikhs paints a vivid picture of this battle, detailing how the Sahibzaade and their fellow warriors exemplified the Sikh spirit of sacrifice and bravery. They laid down their lives in the face of impossible odds, a profound illustration of their commitment to their faith and principles.

In a daring and sacrificial act, another Sikh named Sangat Singh disguised himself in the Guru’s attire to mislead the Mughal forces, which allowed Guru Gobind Singh Ji to escape safely. The willingness to face death instead of yielding to oppression is a theme frequently highlighted in Sikh literature, underscoring the ultimate sacrifice made for the greater good.

Separation and Betrayal

After the battle, the youngest Sahibzaade, Zorawar and Fateh Singh, and their grandmother Mata Gujri Ji, were inadvertently separated from the main group. They sought refuge with Gangoo, a former servant who betrayed their trust out of greed. He disclosed their whereabouts to the Mughal authorities, leading to their capture.

The Sahibzaade were imprisoned in the Thanda Burj (Open Tower) under harsh and inhumane conditions. Historian Bhai Vir Singh, in his book Raja Vikram Singh, vividly depicts the cruel treatment the young Sahibzaade endured, highlighting their remarkable resilience and steadfast commitment to their faith, even in the face of impending death.

Brought before Wazir Khan, the governor of Sirhind, the Sahibzaade were offered a chance to save themselves by converting to Islam. Their resolute refusal is a powerful testament to their faith; it has been immortalized in Sikh teachings and songs. Wazir Khan’s brutal order to brick them alive remains one of the most heartrending acts of martyrdom recorded in history.

The Martyrdom of the Chotta Sahibzaade

On December 27, 1704, a heinous act occurred in Sirhind, leading to the martyrdom of the youngest Sahibzaade, Zorawar and Fateh Singh, at the tender ages of 6 and 9. This brutal execution, underlined by the sheer cruelty of the Mughal regime, is commemorated at Jyoti Swaroop Gurudwara Sahib, which has become a site of pilgrimage and remembrance.

When Mata Gujri Ji learned of her grandsons’ martyrdom, she was overwhelmed with grief and is said to have passed away that same day, demonstrating the immense personal cost of the tragedy.

Historian Sukhbir Singh in Martyrdom in Sikh History highlights the profound impact of these martyrs on the Sikh psyche. Their sacrifice is not merely a historical footnote; it represents the epitome of loyalty and dedication to one’s faith and the community.

Legacy and Commemoration

The legacy of the Chaar Sahibzaade serves as a cornerstone of Sikh identity, embodying the principles of sacrifice, valour, and faith. Each December, Sikhs across the globe observe Shaheedi Jor Mela, a monumental event honouring the memory and sacrifices of these young heroes.

As Amarjit Singh discusses in Sikh Heritage and History, these commemorations reinforce the community’s resilience and collective memory, ensuring that the stories of the Sahibzaade carry forward through generations. Their martyrdom continues to inspire not just Sikhs but all who value justice, courage, and the pursuit of freedom.

In conclusion, the martyrdom of the Chaar Sahibzaade is a powerful reminder of the lengths to which individuals will go to uphold their beliefs against oppression and tyranny. Their sacrifice is woven into the fabric of Sikh history, inspiring future generations to uphold the ideals of truth, justice, and righteousness.

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My business trips to Berlin for ICEF workshops (2022 & 2024) allowed me to experience this vibrant city’s transformative history, even with a focus on work. Berlin’s transformation from a conflict-ridden city to one embracing openness and diversity profoundly impacted me. Each corner of the city tells a story, and the deeper I explored, the more alive Berlin became.

Rising from the Ashes: Berlin’s Resilience

One of the most remarkable aspects of Berlin is its ability to rise from adversity. Despite its tumultuous past, the city is a testament to the strength of its people. It thrives on a spirit of acceptance, diversity, and the determination to enjoy life. From its scars of war to its experiences with division, Berlin teaches us that renewal is possible.

Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church

The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, located in Berlin, stands as a poignant symbol of the destruction wrought by World War II and the resilience of the German spirit. Originally completed in 1895, the church was heavily damaged during Allied bombing in 1943, leaving the tower known as the “hollow tooth” as a striking reminder of the war’s devastation. Rather than being completely rebuilt, the ruins were preserved to honour both the tragic history of the conflict and the lives lost. The site now comprises the remains of the original church and a modern memorial church adjacent to it, which features a striking blue glass façade.

Near the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Kaiser-Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche) in Charlottenburg, you can find a weekly market that features a variety of food and seasonal specialities. This market is part of the vibrant food scene in Berlin and is well worth a visit. We had Currywurst (Non-Veg), A Berlin street food staple, it consists of a grilled sausage topped with a curry-flavoured ketchup.

The New Church, a Landmark

The New Church is a prominent landmark in the heart of the city. The church, with its elegant design and rich history, complements the surrounding beauty of the Gendarmenmarkt, which is often bustling with locals and tourists alike. Visitors to this picturesque area can appreciate both the architectural splendour of both churches and the vibrant atmosphere that characterizes one of Berlin’s most celebrated public spaces.

Brandenburg Gate: A Symbol of Peace and Unity

On our final day in Berlin, we explored some of the city’s most iconic historical monuments. Our first stop was the Brandenburg Gate, the quintessential landmark of Berlin. This neoclassical monument, originally built to symbolise peace, has witnessed the city’s most significant events. It stood stoic during the Cold War, dividing East and West Berlin, and became a beacon of hope and unity after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

Visiting early in the day allowed us to appreciate its grandeur without the hustle of sizeable crowds. The light show at night adds another layer of magic, making it a must-see for every visitor.

Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe: A Place of Remembrance

Just a short walk from the Brandenburg Gate lies the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. Comprising 2,711 concrete slabs arranged in a grid pattern, this monument invites reflection on the Holocaust. The underground “Place of Information” provides poignant insights into the lives of approximately three million Jewish victims.

The atmosphere here is solemn and respectful, serving as a crucial reminder of our history. It’s a place for contemplation, and I advise visitors to approach it with the reverence it deserves—avoid excessive photographs and refrain from sitting on the memorial blocks.

A Retreat in Tiergarten: Nature Amidst the City

After the solemnity of the memorial, we strolled to Tiergarten Park, a serene oasis in the heart of Berlin. With its lush greenery and sprawling gardens, it’s the perfect spot for a peaceful lunch picnic or just to unwind.

Covering 500 acres, the park is rich with wildlife and also features the Berlin Zoo, which we didn’t have time to visit on this trip, but is worth exploring. At the centre of Tiergarten stands the Victory Column, a monumental tribute to Germany’s military victories. Climbing to the top rewards you with stunning panoramic views of the city!

Berlin: A City of Stories

Berlin is much more than a city; it’s a living narrative of resilience, history, and culture. From its bustling streets and rich history to its acceptance and diversity, Berlin invites everyone to share in its ongoing story. Each visit reveals new layers, ensuring that there’s always something more to discover. I can’t wait to return and delve even deeper into the experiences that make Berlin such a dynamic and captivating destination!

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Shiv Kumar Batalvi, the luminous yet melancholic poet of Punjabi literature, occupies a revered space in the hearts of millions. Known for his deeply romantic verses, rich in passion, pathos, and the agony of separation, Shiv Kumar’s life was as poignant as his poetry. Born on July 23, 1936, in the village of Barapind in Punjab, now in Pakistan, Shiv lived a short yet impactful life that left an indelible mark on Punjabi literature. His writings, heavily influenced by love and longing themes, earned him the ‘Birha Da Sultan’ (King of Yearning) title.

A Literary Journey Like No Other

Shiv Kumar Batalvi’s literary genius emerged early in life. His poetry resonated with the youth of his time, as it spoke of raw, relatable, and timeless emotions. Shiv’s work was groundbreaking, capturing the essence of human suffering in the context of love and loss.

He became the youngest recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967 for his verse play, Loona (1965), based on the ancient legend of Puran Bhagat. The play not only reimagined an age-old tale, but also redefined Punjabi literature by introducing a modern genre of kissa (epic storytelling). Writers and critics hailed Loona as a masterpiece, with some even comparing Shiv’s depth of expression to that of William Blake or John Keats.

Renowned Punjabi poet, Amrita Pritam, once described Shiv Kumar as a poet who “turned grief into art, making his verses immortal.” Like his contemporaries Mohan Singh and Pritam herself, Shiv Kumar’s poetry transcended borders, resonating deeply with audiences on both sides of the Indo-Pak partition.

Themes of Passion and Pain

Shiv Kumar’s poetry was a delicate interplay of heightened emotions. His most celebrated works, such as Ajj Din Chhadeya Tere Rang Warga and Mainu Vida Karo, encapsulate the emotional turbulence of love, the pangs of separation, and the inescapable sorrow of human existence. His words, drenched in melancholy, often reflected his struggles.

Shiv Kumar Batalvi’s Visit to England in 1972

In May 1972, Shiv Kumar Batalvi embarked on a trip to England, where his fame had already preceded him. The Punjabi diaspora in the UK was eager to meet and listen to the poet whose words had touched their souls. Public functions, poetry recitations, and private gatherings were organized in his honour, particularly in cities like Coventry. Shiv’s engagements received extensive coverage in the local Indian media, and he was even interviewed by BBC Television. While the Punjabi community enjoyed the opportunity to hear him speak and recite poetry on various occasions, his time in London took a toll on his health. 

At these events, Shiv captivated audiences with his soulful renditions of his poems. Many prominent figures from the Punjabi literary world, including Santokh Singh Dhir, Kuldip Takhar, and Tarsem Purewal, attended these functions. The famous artist Sobha Singh even travelled at his own expense to meet Shiv, illustrating the poet’s profound impact on his contemporaries.

Shiv Kumar’s popularity during his England visit was also recognized by the British media. The BBC interviewed him, a significant acknowledgement of his literary stature. However, behind the facade of public admiration, Shiv was battling inner demons.

Struggles with Alcoholism and Failing Health

Shiv Kumar’s visit to London, while a high point in his literary career, marked a turning point in his life. Struggling with depression and sorrow, he turned to alcohol as an escape. Late-night drinking sessions further deteriorated his already fragile health.

Upon returning from England, Shiv was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. The severity of his illness plunged his family into a financial crisis, forcing his wife, Aruna Batalvi, to take him to her maternal village for care. Despite her efforts, Shiv Kumar succumbed to his illness on May 7, 1973, leaving behind a legacy that would inspire generations to come.

A Poet Beyond Borders

Shiv Kumar’s poetry transcends geographical boundaries, captivating Punjabi-speaking audiences worldwide. His ability to articulate profound human emotions has made his work timeless and led to translations in multiple languages, broadening his reach and impact. Contemporary artists have further immortalized his verses by setting them to music, ensuring that his legacy resonates with new generations. Poet Hardev Singh Virk aptly describes Shiv as a phenomenon, emphasizing how his unique voice and emotional depth have left an indelible mark on the literary landscape. Through his work, Shiv Kumar has become a bridge connecting diverse cultures and experiences, celebrating the universal nature of poetry.

Remembering Shiv Kumar Batalvi

Today, Shiv Kumar Batalvi’s poetry stands tall alongside the works of Punjabi literary stalwarts such as Mohan Singh and Amrita Pritam. His life, though tragically short, was a testament to the power of art as an expression of human suffering and love.

In Shiv Kumar Batalvi, the world finds a poet who lived his verses—a man who bore the weight of his sorrows and transformed them into timeless art. As the poet himself wrote in one of his most famous lines:

“Mainu vida karo, ajj din chhadeya, tere rang warga…”

(Bid me farewell, for the day that dawns today mirrors your hues…)

Indeed, Shiv’s hues remain immortal, colouring the landscape of Punjabi literature forever.

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A Desperate Hope to get well

Despite his grim situation, Mr Wright was determined to fight for his life. He had heard about a new drug called Krebiozen, and he believed it could save him. “I want to live,” he told his doctor, Dr. West, pleading for the treatment. Unfortunately, Krebiozen was only available in clinical trials for patients expected to live for at least three months. Since Mr. Wright was too sick to qualify, he felt hopeless. But Mr Wright refused to give up. “I know it can help me,” he repeatedly told Dr. West until the doctor finally agreed to give him Krebiozen.

The Miraculous Turnaround

What happened next when the Doctor injected him? A few days later, Dr. West found Mr. Wright walking around the hospital. “The tumour masses had melted like snowballs on a hot stove,” Dr West described, shocked to see that the tumours had shrunk significantly. After just ten days of treatment, Mr Wright left the hospital, free of cancer and full of life. The inspiring story of Mr Wright did not end here.

For the next two months, Mr. Wright felt fantastic and praised Krebiozen as a miracle drug. “I knew it would work!” he told friends and family, celebrating his health and spirit.

The Dark Turn

However, this happiness didn’t last long. Soon, medical articles began to question the effectiveness of Krebiozen, reporting that it might not work at all. Mr Wright, who had put his faith in the drug, was devastated. “If it doesn’t work, then what hope do I have?” he said, falling into a deep depression, and sadly, his cancer returned.

Dr Wright played a trick

In a desperate bid to help Mr. Wright, Dr. West took a risky approach. He told Mr. Wright that some of the original Krebiozen had degraded during shipping and that he now had a new batch of “highly concentrated, ultra-pure” Krebiozen. “This is the real deal,” he assured Mr. Wright, who was filled with hope again. Dr. West injected him with nothing but distilled water. Incredibly, this trick worked! Mr Wright’s tumours shrank again, fluid in his chest disappeared, and he felt great for another two months. He was back to saying, “I knew it would work!” The inspiring story of Mr Wright continued to surprise everyone.

The Final Blow

Unfortunately, the joy didn’t last. The American Medical Association publicly announced the results of a nationwide study proving Krebiozen was ineffective. With this news, Mr. Wright lost all faith in his treatment. “What hope do I have?” he cried out in despair, and tragically, his cancer returned one last time, leading to his death just two days later.

Mr. Wright’s initial recovery from cancer after receiving Krebiozen highlights the critical role of belief in the placebo effect. When Mr. Wright started treatment, he believed that Krebiozen would save his life. This deep-seated hope and expectation likely played a significant role in his remarkable improvement. Research has shown that when patients have a strong belief that a treatment will work, their brain may produce physiological changes that aid in healing, even if the treatment itself is inactive. The inspiring story of Mr Wright exemplifies this phenomenon.

What is the Placebo Effect? The placebo effect is the phenomenon where a patient experiences a real improvement in their health or symptoms after receiving a treatment that has no therapeutic value, typically because they believe it will help them. This effect highlights the role of psychological factors, such as expectations and beliefs, in influencing physical health outcomes.

Cycle of Optimism and Despair

As Mr. Wright’s faith in Krebiozen waned following the announcement that the drug was ineffective, his health deteriorated rapidly. This reflects the cyclical nature of the placebo effect: a firm belief can lead to positive outcomes, while the loss of that belief can contribute to declines in health. When Mr Wright learned the drug was deemed worthless, this shattered his hope and may have contributed significantly to the resurgence of his cancer.

What the story finally says

Mr. Wright’s story is a powerful reminder of how hope can profoundly affect our lives, even in the face of illness. It highlights the ethical challenges doctors face when trying to instil hope in their patients. While Mr. Wright’s belief in Krebiozen led to remarkable moments of recovery, it also underscores the vulnerability of patients who place their trust in medical treatments. The inspiring story of Mr Wright is a testament to the power of hope.

As we reflect on this journey, we can remember the words of Mr. Wright: “I want to live.” His fighting spirit serves as an example of the human desire to hold on to hope, even when things seem hopeless. This inspiring story of Mr Wright serves as a critical point for understanding how human psychology plays a role in medicine, emphasizing the importance of fostering hope and positive patient-physician relationships in healthcare.

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‘Traveling–it leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller.’ This quote by Ibn Battuta perfectly captures my journey to Palampur, a hidden gem nestled in the lap of the Himalayas. When I decided to escape the hustle and bustle of city life, I envisioned a destination that would allow me to connect with nature, indulge in local culture, and create lasting memories. After some research, I settled on Rupayan Homestay, a charming retreat that promised comfort and a taste of Himachali hospitality. Little did I know, my experience at Rupayan HomeStay would be one of the highlights of my travels.

Arriving at Rupayan Homestay

Nestled in the heart of Palampur, Rupayan Homestay welcomed me with open arms. The moment I stepped inside, the inviting ambience struck me. The hosts, passionate about sharing their love for the region, immediately made me feel at home. The room I stayed in was cosy and offered breathtaking views of the Dhauladhar mountains, which were especially enchanting at sunrise.

The Café Experience

One of the standout features of Rupayan Homestay is its delightful café. Each morning, I eagerly anticipated enjoying a hearty breakfast made from locally sourced ingredients. The café offers a range of traditional Himachali dishes and, of course, the finest teas from the nearby tea gardens. Sitting on the terrace with a cup of freshly brewed tea, I savoured the peaceful atmosphere while soaking in the majestic views at Rupayan HomeStay.

Exploring the Local Attractions

During my stay at Rupayan HomeStay, I made it a point to explore the nearby attractions. A short drive took me to the Baijnath Temple, an ancient marvel dedicated to Lord Shiva. The intricate carvings and serene surroundings provided a spiritual experience that I cherished. I also took time to wander through the lush tea gardens, where I learned about the tea-making process. The guides were knowledgeable and passionate, sharing fascinating stories about the region’s tea heritage.

Another highlight was my visit to Chamunda Devi Temple, set against the backdrop of the stunning Dhauladhar range. The temple is not only a significant pilgrimage site but also offers panoramic views of the valley. The journey there was a spiritual and scenic delight, allowing me to connect with both the culture and nature of Himachal Pradesh.

The Essence of Hospitality

What made my stay at Rupayan Homestay truly special was the warmth of the hosts. They shared stories about the region, introduced me to local customs, and even invited me to join in a traditional Himachali meal. This personal touch made my experience unique and memorable.

A Trip to Remember

As I packed my bags to leave Palampur, I felt a deep sense of gratitude for the experiences I had. Rupayan Homestay not only provided me with comfortable accommodations but also allowed me to immerse myself in the local culture. The combination of breathtaking landscapes, delicious food, and warm hospitality made my trip unforgettable.

If you’re ever in search of a serene escape in Himachal Pradesh, I wholeheartedly recommend Rupayan Homestay. It’s more than just a place to stay; it’s a gateway to discovering the beauty and richness of Palampur. I left with not just memories but also a longing to return to Rupayan HomeStay and its welcoming embrace. As Mark Twain said, “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness.” My journey in Palampur was a testament to this, broadening my horizons and deepening my appreciation for the world around me.

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Money serves the purpose of supporting the student’s living expenses while they are enrolled in the course. Currently, before applying for a visa, applicants must show they have a certain amount available for 28 days. The amount assigned depends on whether the student will be studying in London or somewhere else in the city.

New Financial Requirements

From 2025, students must demonstrate they have sufficient savings to cover living expenses for each month of their course, for up to nine months. The financial requirements depend on the location of the study.

• In London: Students must show they have GBP 1,483 per month.
• Outside London: Students need to prove they have GBP 1,136 per month.

This is an increase from previous amounts of GBP 1,334 for London and GBP 1,023 for other parts of the UK Total Savings Required

Students planning to study in London for nine months or more now need to show GBP 13,348 in savings (calculated as GBP 1,483 per month for nine months). This adjustment is intended to reflect the UK’s current cost of living.

The Way Forward

Although the rise in maintenance fees can seem like one more obstacle, given the rising cost of living in the UK, it is a necessary adjustment. The majority of Indian students will not view the increased financial needs as an inaccessible obstacle, but rather as a representation of the true cost of studying abroad. The majority of Indian applicants should be able to comply with the new regulations with adequate preparation and financial management.

With its top-notch education and varied post-study options, the UK remains a popular choice for Indian students, thus this financial adjustment will probably be accepted as part of the overall cost of getting a degree in one of the world’s most well-known educational hotspots.

Bringing Dependents

Under the new system, only postgraduate students and those enrolled in government-sponsored courses will be allowed to bring dependents, such as a spouse or children. Undergraduate students will generally not have the option to bring dependents.

This policy change marks a significant shift in the visa application process for international students, highlighting the growing financial burden of studying in the UK.

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